Command and General Staff College (CGSC) 1001 Practice Test

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• How does implicit reasoning about the supernatural relate to stated beliefs?
• Learning at which level involves shared cultural knowledge that individuals may not be consciously aware of?
• To replicate Watson's Jeopardy performance, what capabilities would a program need?
• Working Memory is best described as which function?
• Which scenario illustrates observational learning?
• Gambler's Fallacy can be illustrated by which statement about independent coin flips?
• Which concept describes tailoring instruction to a learner's needs by adjusting the amount of help?
• Under 'people' in core knowledge theory, what developmental milestone is described?
• Which term describes the study of sound systems among languages, including phonemes and phonology?
• According to core knowledge theory relating to objects, at about 4.5 months infants have which understanding?
• How is a number represented in the visual system according to the example?
• In Anterograde amnesia, which memory type can be learned?
• Who proposed the Threat Simulation Theory (TST)?
• Do we know where long-term memories are stored?
• What are phonemes?
• Which memory is described as probably stored here forever, but retrieval may be problematic?
• The second ritual in this pattern marks the change in acceptance that the person is gone, existing only in memory.
• What methods does Education use?
• According to core knowledge theory relating to living things, which cue is used to distinguish living from nonliving objects?
• Which capability emerges in the formal operational stage?
• Which characteristic is associated with the preoperational stage (2-6)?
• Which neurotransmitter is linked to reward and is changed during listening to music?
• As science works, which statements about theories and hypotheses are correct?
• Which of the following is listed as a use of imaginary companions?
• The emotional impact of counterfactual thinking depends on whether you feel part of the imagined situation or contrast your life with it.
• Which statement best describes automatization in skill performance?
• What happens to the forgetting curve as you re-study material?
• What is the relationship between memory and imagination as described?
• What does psycholinguistics study?
• Which field is described as a big player in cognitive science?
• Which concept is listed as part of cognitive anthropology's subject matter?
• Which subfield studies how sounds are organized and used in language?
• Should you use peers to set your own study norms, according to the material?
• What is the purpose of visual analytics as described?
• If a representation is stored in memory, what cognitive process uses it to perform tasks?
• Which statement best captures the described links between music and cognitive science?
• According to the notes, is it possible to be conscious in the sense of conscious of something or conscious of self while not being awake?
• Imagining fighting the bystander effect has been shown to do what?
• What are the two main alternatives proposed for the origin of music?
• Imprinting occurs within a narrow time window after birth or hatching; for example, geese learn who their mother is within
• What are considered secondary fields?
• In preoperative stress, what two conditions were compared?
• Which symptoms characterize obsessive compulsive disorder as described?
• Which statement describes sensitization?
• Why are statistics necessary when interpreting numerical data in research, according to the material?
• What is syntax parsing?
• Intromission theory states that rays are reflected off objects into the eyes.
• What progress fronts are seen during the sensorimotor stage?
• Which concept defines the difference between what a child can do alone and what they can do with help?
• The finch beak story is associated with which location?
• What proportion of species ever gets fossilized?
• How does neural network perception differ from the pandemonium model?
• Which term is another name for the Moral Credential Effect?
• Vygotsky emphasized cognitive development is shaped by which context?
• Which methods are typical in psychology?
• In Vygotsky's theory, what describes the difference between what a child can do alone and what they can do with help?
• Which statement best describes music in human societies?
• What percentage of children under 7 reportedly have imaginary companions?
• What is the general flow of a cognitive system across domains?
• Historically core fields of cognitive science include which four disciplines?
• Which hypothesis posits that music and dance evolved from coordinated territorial defence signals?
• Which statement about the ventral stream is accurate?
• What is Cyc in the context of AI?
• Olfaction relies on chemoreceptors in the nose to detect chemicals. Which sense is this?
• Which statement best describes how solid objects feel, given the atomic structure described?
• Which statement about IQ tests and bias is supported by the material?
• Dennett's Multiple Drafts Model asserts that there is no single moment at which something becomes conscious; rather,...
• What is described as the contemporary core field?
• Which two terms complete the statement: '____ and ____ are how you know where your body parts are and how they are moving'?
• Why is sleep necessary for learning?
• What are the three types of language described?
• Which depth cue relates to how sharply an image is focused, affecting depth perception?
• In dream content, how do negative emotions compare to positive ones?
• Greene's dual-process model posits two systems for moral judgments. The two are a rational utilitarian calculus and which other system?
• Which statement about walking before studying is supported by the material?
• Which statement about mating success and music is supported by the evidence?
• Which nutrients were historically important and often scarce in our evolutionary past?
• Genetic learning occurs when environments change very slowly. Under which environmental condition does genetic learning occur?
• Which of the following is not a depth cue according to SPOTFM?
• Phantom words illustrate that perception is influenced by:
• Which statement best describes the subject matter and methods of philosophy as given?
• Which discrepancy is used to define a learning disability?
• The u-shaped curve in language development is explained by which cognitive process?
• Which is a common characteristic of dreams?
• In the 1890s, which two developments are noted in psychology?
• Which disorder features a deficit of awareness of one side of space despite intact sensory input?
• A construction worker using a blueprint to construct a house is described as a distributed cognitive system?
• What is habituation?
• What are two problems with inferring early human behavior from fossils?
• Are psychic powers real according to the material?
• How much DNA do humans share with mice?
• What is a common criticism raised by Kurzweil's critics regarding nanobot advancement?
• What is intersubjectivity in Vygotsky's theory?
• Which statement best defines learning?
• Which factor is more strongly associated with anxiety, depression, and related disorders according to the material?
• Which statement best describes the evolutionary view of the mind?
• Music is described as a precursor to the evolution of which cognitive system?
• Imagining performing sports is said to have what effect on actual sports performance?
• A student using a map to navigate to class is described as part of a distributed cognitive system?
• Which example is cited as a pattern seen in random processes, illustrating pattern detection in the material?
• Which dimension describes whether a hallucination is voluntary or involuntary?
• In the discussion of personal identity, which statement reflects the material's view?
• According to the material, solid objects are primarily composed of what?
• What was cybernetics primarily about in its early form?
• Outcome bias is the tendency to judge the quality of a decision primarily by its outcome rather than by the information available at the time the decision was made.
• Which statement is true about evolutionary psychology?
• Which brain region associated with executive function is deactivated during dreams?
• Which field studies how words are formed from smaller units?
• What is the singularity as described?
• What weekly study time is recommended by the material?
• Charles Bonnet Syndrome is characterized by which type of hallucination?
• Cognitive scientists describe the workings of a mind at a level so detailed that a computer could execute the task in the same way.
• Interoception refers to the perception of what?
• Seeing shoes in a house is an example of which cognitive concept?
• Which statement reflects the existence of useless traits?
• Which of the following is a critique of philosophy?
• Processing Speed refers to which ability?
• According to Watson's behaviorism, psychology should study:
• What application is suggested by findings on foreign accent in singing?
• Describe animal communication (Zoosemiotics) modalities.
• Which critique of education research is mentioned in the material?
• What is the relationship between memory difficulty and future imagination?
• In schizophrenia, what is observed regarding auditory hallucinations?
• Which statement reflects core knowledge theories?
• Neuroscience overlaps with which fields?
• Which statement best describes the view of science as an epistemology compared to religion, as presented?
• What is the final stage of the expanding circle?
• Which concept describes the practice of publishing results to allow others to disprove them, thereby contributing to the self-correcting nature of science?
• Which researchers are linked to highlighting flaws in the homo economicus assumption?
• Which concept explains repurposing brain areas for new uses?
• In planning to achieve a goal, what should you imagine?
• Which memorization timing is suggested in relation to sleep?
• Which is NOT a mode of transmitted change?
• Which photoreceptors are responsible for color vision and high acuity in bright light?
• Which physical trait length has been found to correlate with marital success?
• The peppered moth evolution demonstrates color change in response to environmental soot. What is the key pattern observed?
• Illusions give _______ about how our perceptual systems work.
• Why do we need the cognitive level in addition to the psychological level?
• In the looking paradigm used to study infants, researchers habituate the infant to a stimulus and then present a new event to see if the infant notices. What does a longer looking time after the change indicate?
• The material describes our sense of self as similar to which idea?
• Cognitive systems transform environmental information into internal representations via perception. Which statement is accurate?
• The Loebner competition is primarily about what?
• Besides memory encoding, what is another cognitive benefit of sleep mentioned?
• How is language a brain interface?
• According to the material, all problems are intellectual because solving them requires what?
• At approximately what annual income does money stop increasing happiness?
• Do people typically remember most of their dreams?
• Which statement best describes haptics?
• Which of the following is NOT one of the five core disciplines of linguistics as described?
• Why do we need the biological level in addition to the cognitive level?
• Which statement about animacy recognition is supported by core knowledge theory?
• Which example illustrates universal grammar concepts?
• Semantics studies which aspect of language?
• What does reinforcement mean?
• Describe the function of animal communication.
• Which threats are overrepresented in dreams according to TST support?
• Which statement accurately summarizes song perception?
• Which statement reflects a rule for affix usage mentioned in the material?
• According to the material, which statement describes left-wing moral foundations?
• What archaeological evidence is cited for early music?
• Which example illustrates a 'one-violation' concept in Pascal Boyer's theory that people often find plausible?
• In Parkinson's disease, listening to pleasant music is associated with what?
• Proprioceptive receptors are primarily located where?
• What does the hunting theory propose as a factor in brain development?
• Which option is NOT listed as one of the five physical signals and their perceptual modalities?
• Availability heuristic is influenced by:
• What is identified as the optimal duration for mental practice?
• What is the proposed effect of music as an external rhythmic framework?
• In Piaget's preoperational stage, children typically fail to conserve because of which concept?
• Why do students who take notes by hand tend to remember more than those who type on computers?
• Under core knowledge theory, Naive psychology is associated with which domain?
• Which statement best describes how hallucinations in epilepsy relate to seizure focus?
• Transient Global Amnesia primarily impairs formation of which memory type?
• Cones come in how many types and what wavelengths do they correspond to?
• Describe Learning at the Chemical Level.
• Which program is noted for generating art?
• Which description accurately describes cognitive psychology?
• Which bias causes people to pay more attention to negative information?
• What does the material say about flashcards for memorization?
• The conjunction fallacy occurs when someone:
• Music engages cognitive processes such as which?
• Which phenomenon occurs when two items are evaluated together and their differences seem amplified?
• Dreaming can occur during which sleep states?
• Which theory explains how religion can promote prosocial behavior by leveraging beliefs in supernatural agents to constrain behavior when no one is watching?
• Which concept states that once you own something, you value it more and demand more to give it up?
• According to TST support, animal dreams are most frequent in which group?
• Which brain network is commonly active for both memory and imagination?
• Which statement explains why learning styles are considered a bad model?
• Solipsism is defined as which view?
• Most dreams are described from which perspective?
• In animal communication, what roles does smell serve?
• During critical stage, approximately how often are new words learned while awake?
• What is the non-family environmental contribution to religiosity?
• Which idea is associated with the Dawkins TED talk as described in the material?
• Which statement best describes the relationship between environment items and distributed cognitive systems in these examples?
• Evolution occurs when these three things exist:
• What is the general claim about evolved and well-learned behaviors compared to deliberate ones?
• The nucleus of an atom is described as which analogy?
• The concept of 'middle world' suggests our perception is calibrated to which range?
• What is metacognition?
• The metaphor for cognitive science is not that the mind is a computer, but a
• How do women's facial preferences shift with ovulation?
• Why do we perceive objects as solid, despite atoms being mostly empty space?
• Which of the following illustrates habituation?
• Who is associated with the 1821 Difference Engine?
• Who opened the first psychology laboratory in 1875?
• In temporal induction of speech, which condition makes it hard to identify which phoneme was deleted?
• What is another benefit of using half-hour blocks for study?
• In play and phobias, what is overrepresented?
• A picture is a ________ of a real thing.
• Why do we need the chemical level in addition to the physical level?
• According to the material, imagination is best described as
• Which form of operant conditioning is described as the strongest?
• How often do people, on average, think about the future?
• Migraine aura progression often follows which pattern?
• What is stated about studying in many places?
• During the concrete operational stage, children develop mental operations and can reason logically about which domain?
• During the critical stage, how many new words are produced per day in productive vocabulary?
• Which concept is described by the phrase 'Neurons That Fire Together, Wire Together'?
• What scheduling approach is recommended to reduce stress and improve progress?
• Which approach relies on matching sensory input to a stored template?
• Which category of crimes was mentioned as purity-related in relation to disgust and policing?
• What does TOTE stand for in Miller, Galanter, Pribram's framework?
• Which scenario demonstrates negative punishment?
• What is the tragedy of the commons as described in the material?
• What does discussion of inner language imply about its relation to spoken language?
• Qualia refer to...
• Which statement best describes practice?
• What is false memory?
• Can people multitask?
• What is the key difference between how animals and humans learn language?
• Which statement describes a limitation of Piagetian theory regarding variability?
• Which trait is listed as a neotenous feature in humans?
• Why is writing considered important?
• Which statement about imagining polygons is supported?
• How do robotics cognitive systems work?
• Which brain region is responsible for muscle atonia during REM sleep?
• Which concept is associated with Piaget's view of children's development?
• In HCI, which aspect concerns how easy it is to learn to use the software?
• Disgust sensitivity is associated with harsher judgments of which category of moral infractions?
• What waist-to-hip ratio do men tend to prefer, according to the material?
• What does cognitive science propose about problem solving?
• What happened to cybernetics according to the notes?
• Which sleep disorder involves acting out dreams due to loss of REM atonia?
• Which of the following is cited as a core knowledge domain in these theories?
• Which domains are proposed by core knowledge theories as early-acquired knowledge?
• Why do we need the sociological level?
• What effect do AI's chess moves have according to the material?
• Which option describes positive reinforcement?
• The scientific evidence that people have different learning styles is:
• Which statement is NOT supported by the material?
• Which feature is typical of REM sleep?
• In echolocation, how does it work?
• PM case memory implies what dissociation?
• Which meaning of consciousness refers to being aware of something, such as an oncoming car?
• What milestone occurred around 1955 in AI history?
• What animal observations support the coalition signaling hypothesis?
• Which memory stores events that have happened to you?
• How do future imaginings compare in detail to present experiences?
• Which of the following is NOT listed as a kind of sensory imagination?
• Which statement correctly defines negative reinforcement?
• According to anthropologist Pascal Boyer, which sequence is a common pattern in dual funerals?
• Which term refers to self-directed comments not directed to others but intended to guide one's own behavior?
• Extramission theory states that rays are emitted from the eye toward objects.
• In the prisoner's dilemma game played quickly, participants are more likely to:
• How is the global distribution of cognitive science departments described?
• In infant looking studies, which method is primarily used to assess perception?
• Which option defines positive punishment?
• Belief bias occurs when:
• Which statement best characterizes how much of brain activity is accessible to consciousness?
• Morphology studies how modifications on words affect meaning?
• Which best describes the subject matter of computer science?
• Why does time dilation seem weird according to the material?
• What is stated about happiness changes for lottery winners and people who become paraplegic?
• Around 1975, which domains were highlighted as growing in AI and cognitive science?
• Universal grammar theory proposes what about the mind and language?
• What percentage of babies are estimated to come from extra-pair copulations?
• In marshmallow self-control studies, which factor predicted better long-term outcomes?
• Which of the following is NOT an interoceptive signal?
• In the concept of Person Permanence, what belief persists after someone is no longer perceived?
• In EEG studies comparing language and music, how do syntactic violations in language compare to chords in music in the P600 range?
• In terms of time perception, what does the material say about our understanding of day and seasonal cycles?
• In software, representations are stored as which of the following?
• The notes describe imaginary companions as being harmless because they are often helpful.
• Which of the following is a correct pairing of a physical signal with its perceptual modality?
• Which bias posits that harm from an action is judged worse than harm from inaction with the same outcome?
• Which life events are said to affect happiness more than lottery winnings or becoming paraplegic?
• Which statement best describes the relationship between habituation and sensitization?
• Music is described as having cross-cultural ability.
• Which statement best captures the cognitive level's focus?
• Which recurring dream has notable frequency?
• Who is associated with simulated evolution?
• Which statement describes the formal operational stage?
• Which scenario illustrates classical conditioning in the examples provided?
• At what stage do individuals begin to apply mental operations to abstract entities?
• Which statement best describes cognitive science methodology?
• Which concept is presented as a reason some critics say Artificial Intelligence is a failure?
• Which domain is listed as an area where humans are still better than AI?
• Which effect leads people to perceive media coverage as biased against their political views?
• The planning fallacy leads to which of the following descriptions?
• In this framework, what does the term 'Friendship' primarily refer to?
• Why do we need the cognitive level in addition to the biological level?
• In traditional societies, schizotypal and epileptic individuals are often perceived as blessed and can set the religious tone; which of the following conditions correlate with religiosity?
• Which components contribute to the overall flavor experience?
• Which brain imaging technologies were prominent in the 1980s?
• Do animals have language?
• Which sequence correctly lists Piaget's stages in the order described in the material?
• Intuition can be described as...
• From the information processing perspective, which is NOT listed as an improvement in children?
• According to the material, does music ability predict mating success?
• What are the four categories of operant conditioning?
• Higher-order thought theories claim consciousness arises when...
• Which best describes the McGurk effect?
• Which of the following is not listed as an example of cognitive weakness?
• During the classical period of behavioural economics, economics was allied with which field?
• In the construction scenario, which element is described as environment rather than part of the distributed system?
• Which of the following is listed as a cross-cultural function of music?
• The old brain and the New: which statement best describes the old brain's role as presented?
• What characterizes the u-shaped grammar curve in language development?
• The implicit structure of human language is characterized by knowledge that is
• Functionalism posits that mental states are determined by
• Which statement best captures Pinker’s Vision theory?
• What does the material say about social perception?
• Which of the following is listed as a way AI is better than humans?
• Which subject matter is included in cognitive anthropology's focus?
• Which scenario demonstrates negative reinforcement?
• Hallucinogenic experiences are often described as
• How is a cognitive bias best defined?
• Which critique is made about controlled studies in education research?
• Which metrics were used to assess mating success in the studies?
• Is there strong evidence that people have fixed learning styles?
• Which language type is described as typically lacking ambiguity?
• Which researcher conducted early experiments in memory?
• What does the hand/walking theory emphasize?
• During imagination, which brain region shows increased activation?
• What statement about prosody and foreign accent perception is supported?
• What defines natural language?
• Which two modalities are identified as the types of active perception?
• What does Dunbar’s group-living theory propose as the main driver of increased intelligence?
• What trend is noted about cognitive science conferences?
• Which statement about Inside Out notes is true regarding reason?
• What does the evidence suggest about the relationship between musical memory and semantic memory?
• When the stimulus was repeated in the speech-to-song study, what did participants do?
• Which field focuses on how context influences interpretation and use of language?
• What capability is typical of the concrete operational stage (7-11)?
• The first ritual in the dual funeral pattern involves removing the body from the living space, even while the person is believed to still exist.
• Learning at the Sociological Level is described as which statement?
• Our knowledge of how to speak is
• Primacy and Recency Effects describe:
• How do software memory and computer memory differ?
• In infant looking studies, what indicates that a baby has noticed a change after habituation?
• Why do we need the biological level in addition to the chemical level?
• Split-brain observations suggest what about consciousness across hemispheres?
• Which pricing tactic is a classic example of anchoring?
• Individual learning occurs when which condition applies?
• Passively listening to music engages which neural system?
• How do hallucinations typically differ from imagination?
• In the sensorimotor stage, progress is seen on three fronts. Which combination best describes these fronts?
• Which is a commonly cited critique of Piagetian theory?
• The hippocampus is important for which function?
• Which concept is illustrated by punishing a drunk driver more severely when death occurs than a drunk driver who gets lucky and kills no one?
• Why might some adaptations no longer be beneficial in modern environments?
• Which trends characterized AI in the 1980s?
• Which cognitive biases are cited as contributing to belief in paranormal phenomena?
• Which statement describes the functional description of language?
• How is a level deemed legitimate in the cognitive science framework described?
• What does 'Tribalism' describe in the expanding circle framework?
• Moral dumbfounding is illustrated by which scenario?
• In what year did John Watson publish his manifesto for behaviorism?
• What is the first law of robotics as stated by Asimov?
• In the pre-history of cognitive science, who dominated explanations about the mind until around 1800?
• Which statement reflects findings about chimpanzee morality?
• Approximately what proportion of happiness is genetic according to the material?
• Core knowledge theories propose knowledge is organized into which structure?
• What does the claim that animals require hundreds of trials illustrate?
• What predicts the kinds of hallucinations you will have in the visual system?
• In cognitive science, what does the information processing level emphasize?
• What methods characterize cognitive anthropology?
• Which experiment is associated with early behaviorist ideas?
• Much of what we experience as taste is actually which sense?
• Base rate neglect is best described as:
• In syntax, what does an asterisk next to a phrase indicate?
• Cultural learning (imitation) is most associated with which rate of environmental change?
• What is one reason for needing the psychological level in addition to the cognitive level?
• What does universal grammar theory propose?
• Sleepwalking is typically associated with which sleep stage?
• Which pair of sub-disciplines are described under computer science?
• Which statement about babies and automatization is implied by the material?
• Kurzweil predicts computer programs will be smarter than humans by approximately which year?
• What is mitochondrial Eve?
• Dream recall has been shown to correlate with which cognitive ability?
• Conformist bias is defined as imitates the most common way of doing things.
• Which statement best describes how environment relates to cognitive representations?
• Which subfield studies meaning in language?
• Conjunction fallacy is demonstrated when someone:
• Which set lists the five basic tastes?
• The marshmallow test findings are best described as reflecting which concept?
• Which statement best illustrates syntax?
• Which Haidt foundation is most closely associated with respect for tradition and social hierarchy?
• Which of the following is an example of a cognitive weakness?
• How can long-term memories be retrieved, according to the material?
• Which bias is NOT listed as a bias associated with cultural learning?
• What is the focus of Comparative Psychology?
• Which type of memory is commonly described as muscle memory?
• Procedural memory is associated with which brain regions?
• Learning at the Cognitive Level is described by which statement?
• How does a disembodied software cognitive system work?
• Wishful thinking is best described by which statement?
• AI rights include which categories?
• Representations are stored in which part of cognition?
• Which two theories describe how vision works by describing rays either emitted from the eye or reflected into the eye?
• Which statement about objects is not supported by the object knowledge notes?
• Which concept is associated with the 1940s-1950s as a measure of machine intelligence?
• Which event marked a setback for neural network theory in the late 1950s?
• Which topic is explicitly listed as a component of 'living things' in core knowledge theory?
• Which statement best supports the language of thought view about inner language?
• Base rate neglect occurs when people:
• Which of the following would be considered an atypical sense?
• Functionalism holds that mental states are determined by what they do, rather than by their physical makeup.
• Which bias describes adopting beliefs because everyone around you believes them?
• Which figure is associated with the year 1930 in early cognitive development notes?
• In philosophy, a 'philosophical zombie' is defined as a being that behaves like a human but lacks conscious experience.
• How do quasi-experiments differ from experiments in political science research?
• Which institution is noted as having the only cognitive science department in Canada?
• Which statement illustrates a cultural feedback loop affecting human evolution?
• What method is described as scientifically best for recording dreams?
• In mate selection, what is predicted about male and female preferences?
• If language is an instinct as Chomsky suggests, what does that imply about its evolution?
• In the memory aid, what does 'positive' refer to?
• What is known about Australopithecines and tool use?
• Which description best captures sensory memory duration?
• What is the reported correlation between childhood abuse and psychological disorders?
• Which characteristic describes Piaget's preoperational stage (ages 2-6)?
• What percentage of sleep is NREM?
• What is the functional description of language?
• Which of the following is NOT listed as a philosophy subfield?
• Which bias explains that exposure to many beautiful images can shift judgments of attractiveness in subsequent assessments?
• The two types of implicit memory are which?
• Which is NOT typically listed as an information-processing improvement in childhood?
• What evolutionary consequence is linked to upright posture and altriciality?
• Why is the term 'singularity' used to describe this hypothetical event?
• Music can be described as which of the following?
• The u-shaped grammar curve in language development describes which pattern?
• One common critique of artificial intelligence is that it is insufficiently concerned with natural intelligence.
• During sleep paralysis, which phenomenon is commonly experienced?
• Describe Learning at the Biological Level.
• Which list correctly names the five subfields of linguistics?
• What is the anchor in the anchoring bias?
• Which are forms of selection in biology?
• In the described scenario, is watching television by a single child considered a distributed cognitive system?
• Which critique highlights psychology's methodological limitations due to not embracing methods from other disciplines?
• Is attributing mental states to the dead learned or innate, according to the material?
• What is the correct order of Piaget's stages from birth onward?
• Cultures are subject to what selective process as well?
• From a cognitive science perspective, perception means turning information from one form into new, meaningful representations. Which option best reflects this claim?
• What is the second law of Asimov's robotics as listed?
• What is evidence that long-term memories are not pictures?
• Why do we need the chemical level in addition to the biological level?
• How does pleasant music affect serotonin levels?
• According to TST, what is a major function of dreaming?
• Which mechanism is used to localize sound in humans?
• In universal grammar terms, which language feature differs between Spanish and English?
• People create or call upon religious ideas when they encounter something out of the ordinary.
• Which contribution is associated with Piaget?
• Which concept is listed as a key component of Inside Out?
• What is observational learning?
• Inferring that someone is home from seeing shoes involves which cognitive process?
• What does psychophysics study?
• Which bias involves seeking out and interpreting information to support one's preconceptions?
• Availability heuristic is best described as?
• What does it suggest about consciousness if AI can perform many tasks without conscious experience?
• The absence of dream imagery (visual anonoria) tends to be associated with a waking deficit in what?
• In Moral Politics, what are the two metaphors used to describe political ideologies?
• The idea that consciousness is only a small part of the mind available to reflect on is best described by which metaphor?
• What is the general role of AI programs in relation to human work, according to the material?
• Which of the following is NOT listed as a symptom of sleep paralysis?
• Animals play appropriately for what they need to learn to do.
• A common critique of research in language is that researchers build models of language and then…
• Which concept explains that safety devices can unintentionally lead to riskier behavior?
• What is the term for deliberately focusing on a specific concern before sleep to influence dream content?
• What does the material say about brain redundancy?
• Within core knowledge theory relating to people, what does Naive psychology suggest about disagreements?
• Which description corresponds to the structural description of language?
• Downward counterfactuals typically have what effect on mood?
• Using the eating example, which statement reflects a proximate explanation for why we eat?
• How is sine-wave speech generated?
• Long time scales such as those of trees, stars, and glass are described as appearing immobile due to which reason?
• Dopamine experiments described involve giving skeptics L-DOPA to assess effects on which cognitive tendency?
• Cognitive scientists accept the idea of an activation level when it helps predict behavior and when there is a biological basis.
• What is the age range for the oldest fossils of fully formed humans?
• Which statement accurately reflects the described relationship between political orientation and moral foundations?
• What is stated about aphantasics?
• Which statement best captures the concept that we are evolved to understand the world in certain ways?
• The suffix 'ant' can only be used with words of which origin?
• What is the critical stage for learning language?
• Which of the following is NOT listed as a sub-field of psychology?
• Which option defines negative punishment?
• What is a reason why poisoning can cause dizziness and vomiting related to the vestibular system?
• Which condition is listed as a possible reason for imaginary companions?
• What belief leads to blaming victims for inexplicable injustices?
• Which statement about brain usage is supported by the material?
• In robotics cognitive systems, what are the roles of sensors and actuators?
• What was the primary purpose of some of the earliest AI programs described in the material?
• What does George Lakoff's theory propose about how people think about abstract concepts?
• Chomsky's 1957 critique helped birth cognitivism by introducing which concepts?
• During the critical stage (ages 3-5), how many new words per day do children typically add to their productive vocabulary?
• An imaginary companion is described as what?
• Imagining eating a particular food has what effect on actual consumption?
• Around 1990, AI trends included which major shift?
• In the pandemonium model of perception, how is perception produced?
• Cognition is the manipulation of which kind of element?
• Which phenomenon demonstrates the ability to respond to stimuli without conscious perception?
• Kinesthesia refers to which aspect of perception?
• What concept describes how easily memories can be retrieved, according to cognitive science?
• Which cells are more light sensitive and support peripheral vision?
• What are the two types of declarative memory?
• What is a characteristic emphasis of cognitive anthropology?
• According to evolutionary memory theories, which type of information is most likely to be remembered?
• We also get facts by figuring them out, but this is better described as...
• Which occupation is noted as daydreaming when they have nothing to do?
• Which scenario demonstrates positive punishment?
• Which statement best describes olfaction?
• Mental practice can increase finger strength by what percentage, according to the material?
• Theory of mind develops around what age range according to the material?
• What is the term for thinking of oneself as moral that licenses fewer restrictions on behavior?
• Pareidolia refers to:
• Which of the following are compensatory strategies?
• Pascal Boyer's Counterontology theory posits that the mind has subsystems for understanding different things in the world. What do these subsystems collectively form?
• Which term is used for the idea of building up good person points before allowing oneself to misbehave?
• Which statement best captures distributed cognitive systems?
• Which statement is true about gustation?
• According to support for TST, Westerners dream of things we rarely experience.
• Why do we need the psychological level?
• Which two elements constitute the core components of cognitive systems?
• What is the typical alpha level threshold used to determine statistical significance?
• In HCI, which aspect asks how easy the software is to use?
• Which description best captures the concrete operational stage (7–11)?
• What characterizes imprinting?
• Which statement best describes the subject matter of cognitive science?
• Phonetics is described as focusing on which aspect?
• What does punishment mean?
• In OCD, failing to engage in ritual causes what experience?
• Which example best illustrates practice?
• Astro Boy notes assert which attitude toward AI and robots in Japan?
• Haidt's moral foundations theory includes six domains abbreviated CLAFLS. Which of the following is not one of them?
• Describe logic in its traditional sense.
• Regarding bizarre dreams, which statement is supported by selection bias?
• Which phrase describes psychology's focus in the 1990s related to brain research?
• A common critique of Piagetian theory is that it which?
• In Cognitive Science and Problem Solving, what does the human modeling side study?
• Which of the following is listed as a function of music in social contexts?
• Which memory serves as a temporary store from which some items may move to long-term memory?
• What is the described effect of listening to Mozart on babies?
• In Human-Computer Interaction, which aspect measures how effective the software is at its intended function?
• What happens to light that enters the eye?
• For disembodied software, how is perception realized?
• Scholars are often dismissive of levels above the one they work at because they believe higher-level regularities will be deduced from lower-level regularities. This stance is an example of what?
• Why is music of interest to cognitive science?
• The ventral stream is primarily associated with which function?
• What happens if you give yourself too much time for a task?
• Which concept describes losses looming larger than gains in decision making?
• Which approach gained prominence in the 1990s emphasizing interaction with the environment?
• Which critique of anthropology is listed in the material?
• Which processing stream is the 'where' pathway associated with motion and spatial location?
• What type of thinking characterizes the formal operation stage (11-death)?
• What is testimony (learning)?
• Why do we have morality, in the evolutionary account presented?
• Which term describes shared understanding among participants in an activity?
• Schizotypalism affects about what percent of people?
• What is the third law of robotics according to Asimov's list?
• Dreaming of teeth falling out is explained as caused by what?
• What was the consensus on whether music came before language?
• What describes preferring immediate rewards over larger future rewards?
• Which types of tools tend to last in the archaeological record?
• The success of Watson on Jeopardy exemplifies a tradition of what kind of AI?
• Which statement best contrasts Kurzweil's and Bill Joy's views?
• In cognitive systems, transformations occur in the _________ via perception to internal ___________. Which pair completes the blanks?
• In the notes, imagining putting the ball in the hole is reported to improve performance by about what percentage?
• What is the focus of Human-Computer Interaction?
• Where could representations be stored in an animal?
• What is perception?
• In an fMRI study of music perception, auditory cortex activation was observed during which condition?
• Which memory type is described as a scratch pad that is overwritten every few seconds by new perceptions?
• What percentage of people react appropriately to dream threats?
• In the neo-classical period, what is the depicted view of humans in economics?
• What does the Baldwin effect describe?
• Learning at the Psychological Level is described by which statement?
• In science as a culture, what does replicability refer to?
• Which option correctly matches Piaget's developmental stages with typical age ranges?
• What is working memory?
• What is the subject matter of linguistics?
• People with OCD are attracted to religions, particularly ritualistic ones such as Catholicism.
• Is you and your calculator an example of a distributed cog system?
• Which term describes the tendency to require more compensation to give up an object than to acquire it?
• Which statement best reflects the idea that instincts influence moral judgments and can be manipulated by sensory cues?
• Which term describes a trait that evolved for one purpose but is used for another?
• Is it harder to detect foreign accent when someone is singing or speaking?
• In Education, the subject matter focuses on how people learn and how to design education to help them learn effectively. Which option best describes this focus?
• The two main types of long-term memory are which?
• Which memory stores facts?
• Do children actually believe in their imaginary companions, according to the notes?
• What does morphology study?
• Imagining people acting against stereotypes has what effect on prejudice?
• Evidence suggests that people are more prosocial when primed with supernatural concepts.
• How does the animal mind work?
• Which brain region is associated with early visual hallucinations involving shapes, orientation, and patterns?
• Which model of consciousness posits that conscious content is highlighted and broadcast to other cognitive processes?
• Which subfield studies how sentences may be put together in a language?
• One technological solution to climate change mentioned is?
• What distinguishes linguistics from many other cognitive science subfields?
• Approximately what percent of religiosity is attributed to genetics according to the material?
• To have a learning disability that requires accommodation, which of the following must be true?
• Which subfield examines how sentences interact with context to change meaning?
• Is recursion in music considered unique to human language?
• Where were the oldest human fossils found?
• Which scenario best illustrates learning via testimony?
• What determines whether something is part of the system or part of the environment?
• Which best describes the subject matter of psychology?
• Which brain region is very active during dreaming, sending information forward?
• The primacy effect explains why we remember:
• The actor-observer bias describes which pattern of attribution?
• Which scenario best illustrates a distributed cognitive system?
• Which statement is true about imagining the future?
• In the same scenario, which elements are described as part of the distributed cognitive system?
• Maladaptive daydreaming is best described as
• What environmental factor drives finch beak evolution?
• From the information-processing perspective, which change signals cognitive development?
• What is stated about aphantasics?
• Can doodling help you pay attention according to the material?
• Which statement reflects a critique commonly aimed at neuroscience?
• In core knowledge theory, which statement about object permanence is supported?
• Is the physical level considered a good level of description for learning?
• A hallucination that is projected into external space as opposed to staying in the visual field is described as what dimension?
• Which type of content is rarely incorporated into dreams?
• Which concept is cited as a plausible reason people act differently when the full moon is out?
• Are project lists good?
• What is classical conditioning?
• The subject omission switch example contrasts which languages?
• In a distributed cognitive system, memory can be stored in external artifacts such as which of the following?
• In the expanding circle model, what is the sequence of moral concern?
• What are the two kinds of happiness described?
• In the Chinese room scenario, does the room have conscious understanding?
• What percentage of people mindwander during daily life, according to the material?
• Which scenario demonstrates classical conditioning?